Dextrocardia: Report of a neonatal clinical case as an incidential finding
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Abstract
Background: Dextrocardia is an embryological malformation caused by the abnormal leftward bending of the primitive cardiac tube, instead of the typical rightward orientation (1). This condition may be asymptomatic, but in other cases, symptoms may arise depending on associated cardiac defects. Chest radiography and cardiac ultrasound are essential for diagnosis (2).
Case Report: A male patient, a product of the second gestation without prenatal medical care, presented with respiratory distress syndrome and a risk of sepsis due to a home birth. High-flow oxygen therapy using a neo tee was initiated, leading to a thoracoabdominal X-ray, incidentally revealing dextrocardia. On auscultation, a systolic heart murmur at the aortic focus of grade III-IV and a visible precordium were noted. An echocardiogram was performed to diagnose situs solitus and dextrocardia. The patient's clinical condition worsened with an increased respiratory distress score of 5-6 on the Downes scale, necessitating invasive mechanical ventilation. Despite intervention, a cardiorespiratory arrest occurred, resulting in the patient's demise.
Conclusions: Timely diagnosis of dextrocardia in any form is crucial for treating and preventing complications in patients, ultimately improving their quality of life and, if possible, their prognosis.
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