Neuromyelitis optica in a pediatric patient
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Abstract
Background: neuromyelitis optica is mainly characterized by severely affecting the spinal cord and optic nerves, either in a single clinical episode or in outbreaks and remissions, being a cause of disability in young people and adults. It is classified as an optic-medullary variant of multiple sclerosis. However, studies suggest differences between the two, mainly due to the presence of a specific antibody in the blood called Immunoglobulin G anti-neuromyelitis optica (IgG-NMO) or anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) that binds to water channels scattered in the central nervous system (CNS). AQP4 is also offered as a diagnostic test. Case report: this is a pediatric patient diagnosed with neuromyelitis optica, with visual symptoms and motor involvement in the lower extremities, treated with oral azathioprine and later rituximab, with an adequate response to management. Conclusion: NMO should be considered in the pediatric age, the differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, and early management should be started to avoid complications and recurrences.
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