Cranioencephalic Trauma in Pediatrics: The importance of the approach and categorization of the pediatric patient
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ABSTRACT
Cranioencephalic trauma in children continues to be a serious public health problem worldwide, being the leading cause of death and permanent disability in pediatrics. Carrying out an adequate classification or categorization process to determine its severity and establish the need for complementary studies (computed tomography) and establish an opportune medical treatment in an individualized way are some of the priorities for the health professional in the approach of the pediatric patient with cranioencephalic trauma. The clinical manifestations of this entity vary according to the age group. Within the etiology, accidental falls occupy the first place in frequency in infants and preschoolers, while traffic accidents as a passenger or pedestrian are the first cause of TBI in older children (adolescents). There is an urgent need to evaluate, according to the clinical and social context of the patient, the presence of non-accidental trauma and child abuse due to its negative impact on the vital and neurological prognosis of the pediatric patient. With regard to treatment should be aimed at preventing secondary brain damage by the mechanisms of hypoxia, cerebral hypoperfusion, intracranial hypertension and hyperthermia responsible for temporary or permanent neurological sequelae thereof.
Keywords: Craniocerebral Trauma, Mortality; Disabled Children; Pediatric Emergency Medicine.
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