Utilidad de la ultrasonografía en la atención de urgencias pediátricas

Contenido principal del artículo

Alejandra Beatriz Tijo
Albert Alejandro Ávila

Resumen

DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpe.2015.10.004


Objetivos


La ultrasonografía es un examen rápido, indoloro y no invasivo, que ha sido considerado como una herramienta diagnóstica de gran utilidad en los servicios de urgencias de adultos y, recientemente, en los servicios de urgencias de pediatría. Sin embargo, existen pocas publicaciones al respecto en idioma español. Con este artículo se pretende hacer una aproximación bibliográfica sobre el uso de la ultrasonografía como herramienta diagnóstica en los servicios pediátricos de urgencias, ya que su utilidad representa un tema de necesaria revisión para el personal médico.


Método


Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda de la bibliografía existente mediante términos MeSH en la base de datos PubMed. Como términos de búsqueda, se usaron; pediatrics AND ultrasonography AND emergency medicine. Se incluyeron artículos publicados desde 1972 hasta julio del 2015. No se emplearon filtros de idioma, sexo o tipo de estudio.


Resultados


Se obtuvieron 154 publicaciones, de las cuales 88 se omitieron ya que resultaron ser irrelevantes en la presente revisión o no eran exclusivas de pacientes pediátricos, por lo que, finalmente, se analizaron 66 publicaciones.


Conclusiones


Las aplicaciones de la ultrasonografía son amplias. Es un examen de gran utilidad y potencial en el abordaje de las urgencias en pacientes pediátricos, por lo cual quienes atienden esta población, deberían conocer sus ventajas.


 

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Detalles del artículo

Cómo citar
Tijo, A. B., & Ávila, A. A. (2016). Utilidad de la ultrasonografía en la atención de urgencias pediátricas. Pediatría, 48(4), 94–100. Recuperado a partir de https://revistapediatria.emnuvens.com.br/rp/article/view/33
Sección
Artículos de Revisión

Citas

1 D. Ramírez-Schrempp,D.H. Dorfman,I. Tien,A.S. Liteplo
Bedside ultrasound in pediatric emergency medicine fellowship programs in the United States: Little formal training
Pediatr Emerg Care., 24 (2008), pp. 664-667 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e3181884955
Medline

2 J.S. Cohen,S.J. Teach,J.I. Chapman
Bedside ultrasound education in pediatric emergency medicine fellowship programs in the United States
Pediatr Emerg Care., 28 (2012), pp. 845-850 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e318267a771
Medline

3 R.L. Vieira,R. Bachur
Bedside ultrasound in pediatric practice
Pediatrics., 133 (2014), pp. 1-3 http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-0750
Medline

4 J.R. Marin,R.E. Lewiss
Point-of-care ultrasonography by pediatric emergency physicians. Policy statement
Ann Emerg Med., 65 (2015), pp. 472-478 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.01.028
Medline

5 R.A. Gallagher,J.A. Levy
Advances in point-of-care ultrasound in pediatric emergency medicine
Curr Opin Pediatr., 26 (2014), pp. 265-271 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000000097
Medline

6 J.R. Marin,R.E. Lewiss
Point-of-care ultrasonography by pediatric emergency medicine physicians
Pediatrics., 135 (2015), pp. e1113-e1122 http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-0343
Medline

7 M.C. Chamberlain,S.R. Reid,M. Madhok
Utilization of emergency ultrasound in pediatric emergency departments
Pediatr Emerg Care., 27 (2011), pp. 628-632 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e3182259908
Medline

8 J.R. Marin,N.S. Zuckerbraun,J.M. Kahn
Use of emergency ultrasound in United States pediatric emergency medicine fellowship programs in 2011
J Ultrasound Med., 31 (2012), pp. 1357-1363
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9 R.L. Vieira,D. Hsu,J. Nagler,L. Chen,R. Gallagher,J.A. Levy
Pediatric emergency medicine fellow training in ultrasound: Consensus educational guidelines
Acad Emerg Med., 20 (2013), pp. 300-306 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acem.12087
Medline

10 L. Chen,Y. Kim,K.A. Santucci
Use of ultrasound measurement of the inferior vena cava diameter as an objective tool in the assessment of children with clinical dehydration
Acad Emerg Med., 14 (2007), pp. 841-845 http://dx.doi.org/10.1197/j.aem.2007.06.040
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11 L. Chen,A. Hsiao,M. Langhan,A. Riera,K.A. Santucci
Use of bedside ultrasound to assess degree of dehydration in children with gastroenteritis
Acad Emerg Med., 17 (2010), pp. 1042-1047 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2010.00873.x
Medline

12 J. Heinrichs,Z. Fritze,B. Vandermeer,T. Klassen,S. Curtis
Ultrasonographically guided peripheral intravenous cannulation of children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ann Emerg Med., 61 (2013),

13 E. Oakley,A.M. Wong
Ultrasound-assisted peripheral vascular access in a paediatric ED
Emerg Med Australas., 22 (2010), pp. 166-170 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-6723.2010.01281.x
Medline

14 F.H. Warkentine,M. Clyde Pierce,D. Lorenz,I.K. Kim
The anatomic relationship of femoral vein to femoral artery in euvolemicpediatric patients by ultrasonography: Implications for pediatric femoral central venous access
Acad Emerg Med., 15 (2008), pp. 426-430 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00087.x
Medline

15 I. Cole,C. Glass,H.J. Norton,V. Tayal
Ultrasound measurements of the saphenous vein in the pediatric emergency department population with comparison to i.v. catheter size
J Emerg Med., 43 (2012), pp. 87-92 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2011.06.034
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16 S.M. Thomas,W. Burch,S.E. Kuehnle,R.G. Flood,A.J. Scalzo,J.M. Gerard
Simulation training for pediatric residents on central venous catheter placement: A pilot study
Pediatr Crit Care Med., 14 (2013), pp. e416-e423 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0b013e31829f5eda
Medline

17 R. Horowitz,J.G. Gossett,J. Bailitz,D. Wax,M.C. Pierce
The FLUSH study--flush the line and ultrasound the heart: Ultrasonographic confirmation of central femoral venous line placement
Ann Emerg Med., 63 (2014), pp. 678-683 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.12.020
Medline

18 P. Skippen,N. Kissoon
Ultrasound guidance for central vascular access in the pediatric emergency department
Pediatr Emerg Care., 23 (2007), pp. 203-207 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e3180467780
Medline

19 K. Breslin,K. Boniface,J. Cohen
Ultrasound-guided intra-articular lidocaine block for reduction of anterior shoulder dislocation in the pediatric emergency department
Pediatr Emerg Care., 30 (2014), pp. 217-220 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0000000000000095
Medline

20 A. Bretholz,Q. Doan,A. Chengz,G. Lauder
A presurvey and postsurveyof a web- and simulation-based course of ultrasound-guided nerve blocks for pediatric emergency medicine
Pediatr Emerg Care., 28 (2012), pp. 506-509 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e3182586f42
Medline

21 A.L. Turner,M.D. Stevenson,K.P. Cross
Impact of ultrasound-guided femoral nerve blocks in the pediatric emergency department
Pediatr Emerg Care., 30 (2014), pp. 227-229 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0000000000000101
Medline

22 J.W. Tsung,M. Blaivas
Feasibility of correlating the pulse check with focusedpoint-of-care echocardiography during pediatric cardiac arrest: A case series
Resuscitation., 77 (2008), pp. 264-269 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.12.015
Medline

23 S.J. Doniger
Bedside emergency cardiac ultrasound in children
J Emerg Trauma Shock., 3 (2010), pp. 282-291 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-2700.66535
Medline

24 R.A. Gallagher,J.A. Levy
Advances in point-of-care ultrasound in pediatric emergencymedicine
Curr Opin Pediatr., 26 (2014), pp. 265-271 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000000097
Medline

25 G. Via,A. Hussain,M. Wells,R. Reardon,M. El-Barbary,V.E. Noble
International evidence-based recommendations for focused cardiac ultrasound
J Am Soc Echocardiogr., 27 (2014),

26 M. Longjohn,J. Wan,V. Joshi,J. Pershad
Point-of-care echocardiography by pediatric emergency physicians
Pediatr Emerg Care., 27 (2011), pp. 693-696 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e318226c7c7
Medline

27 J. Pershad,S. Myers,C. Plouman,C. Rosson,K. Elam,J. Wan
Bedside limited echocardiography by the emergency physician is accurate during evaluation of the critically ill patient
Pediatrics., 114 (2004), pp. e667-e671 http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-0881
Medline

28 H.A. Gaspar,S.S. Morhy,A.C. Lianza,W.B. de Carvalho,J.L. Andrade,R.R. do Prado
Focused cardiac ultrasound: A training course for pediatricintensivists and emergency physicians
BMC Med Educ., 14 (2014), pp. 25 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-14-25
Medline

29 J.R. Marin,E.R. Alpern,N.L. Panebianco,A.J. Dean
Assessment of a training curriculum for emergency ultrasound for pediatric soft tissue infections
Acad Emerg Med., 18 (2011), pp. 174-182 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2010.00990.x
Medline

30 D. Ramírez-Schrempp,D.H. Dorfman,W.E. Baker,A.S. Liteplo
Ultrasound soft-tissue applications in the pediatric emergency department: To drain or not to drain?
Pediatr Emerg Care., 25 (2009), pp. 44-48 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e318191d963
Medline

31 K. Iverson,D. Haritos,R. Thomas,N. Kannikeswaran
The effect of bedside ultrasound on diagnosis and management of soft tissue infections in a pediatric ED
Am J Emerg Med., 30 (2012), pp. 1347-1351 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2011.09.020
Medline

32 L. Chen,M.D. Baker
Novel applications of ultrasound in pediatric emergencymedicine
Pediatr Emerg Care., 23 (2007), pp. 115-123 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e3180302c59
Medline

33 D.I. Friedman,R.J. Forti,S.P. Wall,E.F. Crain
The utility of bedside ultrasound and patient perception in detecting soft tissue foreign bodies in children
Pediatr Emerg Care., 21 (2005), pp. 487-492
Medline

34 J.R. Marin,A.J. Dean,W.B. Bilker,N.L. Panebianco,N.J. Brown,E.R. Alpern
Emergency ultrasound-assisted examination of skin and soft tissue infections in the pediatric emergency department
Acad Emerg Med., 20 (2013), pp. 545-553 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acem.12148
Medline

35 M.O. Tessaro,E.P. Salant,A.C. Arroyo,L.E. Haines,E. Dickman
Tracheal rapid ultrasound saline test (T.R.U.S.T.) for confirming correct endotracheal tube depth in children
Resuscitation., 89 (2015), pp. 8-12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.08.033
Medline

36 J. Galicinao,A.J. Bush,S.A. Godambe
Use of bedside ultrasonography for endotracheal tube placement in pediatric patients: A feasibility study
Pediatrics., 120 (2007), pp. 1297-1303 http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-2959
Medline

37 B.T. Kerrey,G.L. Geis,A.M. Quinn,R.W. Hornung,R.M. Ruddy
A prospective comparison of diaphragmatic ultrasound and chest radiography to determine endotracheal tube position in a pediatric emergency department
Pediatrics., 123 (2009), pp. e1039-e1044 http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-2828
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38 I. Elikashvili,E.T. Tay,J.W. Tsung
The effect of point-of-care ultrasonography on emergency department length of stay and computed tomography utilization in children with suspected appendicitis
AcadEmerg Med., 21 (2014), pp. 163-170

39 J.R. Cogley,S.C. O’Connor,R. Houshyar,K. Al Dulaimy
Emergent pediatric US: What every radiologist should know
Radiographics., 32 (2012), pp. 651-665 http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.323115111
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40 A.M. Dietrich,B.D. Coley
Bedside pediatric emergency evaluation through ultrasonography
Pediatr Radiol., 38 (2008), pp. S679-S684 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-008-0890-1
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41 M.J. Alletag,A. Riera,M.L. Langhan,L. Chen
Use of emergency ultrasound in the diagnostic evaluation of an infant with vomiting
Pediatr Emerg Care., 27 (2011), pp. 986-989 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e318232a265
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42 Y.J. Chang,S.H. Hsia,H.C. Chao
Emergency medicine physicians performed ultrasound for pediatric intussusceptions
Biomed J., 36 (2013), pp. 175-178 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2319-4170.112739
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43 K.W. Ramsey,B.M. Halm
Diagnosis of intussusception using bedside ultrasound by a pediatric resident in the emergency department
Hawaii J Med Public Health., 73 (2014), pp. 58-60
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44 A. Riera,A.L. Hsiao,M.L. Langhan,T.R. Goodman,L. Chen
Diagnosis of intussusception by physician novice sonographers in the emergency department
Ann Emerg Med., 60 (2012), pp. 264-268 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.02.007
Artículo | Medline

45 A. Abo,L. Chen,P. Johnston,K. Santucci
Positioning for lumbar puncture in children evaluated by bedside ultrasound
Pediatrics., 125 (2010), pp. e1149-e1153 http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-0646
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46 R.E. Bruccoleri,L. Chen
Needle-entry angle for lumbar puncture in children as determined by using ultrasonography
Pediatrics., 127 (2011), pp. e921-e926 http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-2511
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47 J. Pershad
A 10-year-old girl with shock: Role of emergency bedside ultrasound in early diagnosis
Pediatr Emerg Care., 18 (2002), pp. 182-184
Medline

48 A.G. Baka,C.A. Delgado,H.K. Simon
Current use and perceived utility of ultrasound for evaluation of pediatric compared with adult trauma patients
Pediatr Emerg Care., 18 (2002), pp. 163-167
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49 D.J. McLario,A.B. Sivitz
Point-of-care ultrasound in pediatric clinical care
JAMA Pediatr., 169 (2015), pp. 594-600 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.22
Artículo | Medline

50 J. Menaker,S. Blumberg,D.H. Wisner,P.S. Dayan,M. Tunik,M. Garcia
Use of the focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) examination and its impact on abdominal computed tomography use in hemodynamically stable children with blunt torso trauma
J Trauma Acute Care Surg., 77 (2014), pp. 427-432 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000000296
Medline

51 C. Ng,J.W. Tsung
Point-of-care ultrasound for assisting in needle aspiration of spontaneous pneumothorax in the pediatric ED: A case series
Am J Emerg Med., 32 (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.07.026
Medline

52 D. Ramírez-Schrempp,R.J. Vinci,A.S. Liteplo
Bedside ultrasound in the diagnosis of skull fractures in the pediatric emergency department
Pediatr Emerg Care., 27 (2011), pp. 312-314 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e3182131579
Medline

53 F.H. Warkentine,R. Horowitz,M.C. Pierce
The use of ultrasound to detect occult or unsuspected fractures in child abuse
Pediatr Emerg Care., 30 (2014), pp. 43-46 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0000000000000064
Medline

54 M. Chien,B. Bulloch,P. García-Filion,M. Youssfi,M.W. Shrader,L.S. Segal
Bedside ultrasound in the diagnosis of pediatric clavicle fractures
PediatrEmerg Care., 27 (2011), pp. 1038-1041
Artículo

55 L. Chen,Y. Kim,C.L. Moore
Diagnosis and guided reduction of forearm fractures in children using bedside ultrasound
Pediatr Emerg Care., 23 (2007), pp. 528-531 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e318128f85d
Artículo | Medline

56 D.D. Patel,S.M. Blumberg,E.F. Crain
The utility of bedside ultrasonography in identifying fractures and guiding fracture reduction in children
Pediatr Emerg Care., 25 (2009), pp. 221-225
Medline

57 E.R. Weinberg,M.G. Tunik,J.W. Tsung
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58 J.E. Rabiner,H. Khine,J.R. Avner,L.M. Friedman,J.W. Tsung
Accuracy of point-of-care ultrasonography for diagnosis of elbow fractures in children
Ann Emerg Med., 61 (2013), pp. 9-17 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.07.112
Medline

59 R.L. Vieira,J.A. Levy
Bedside ultrasonography to identify hip effusions in pediatric patients
Ann Emerg Med., 55 (2010), pp. 284-289 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.06.527
Artículo | Medline

60 L. Chen,A.L. Hsiao,C.L. Moore,J.D. Dziura,K.A. Santucci
Utility of bedside bladder ultrasound before urethral catheterization in young children
Pediatrics., 115 (2005), pp. 108-111 http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-0738
Medline

61 J.R. Marin,N. Shaikh,S.G. Docimo,R.W. Hickey,A. Hoberman
Suprapubic bladder aspiration
N Engl J Med., 371 (2014), pp. e13 http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMvcm1209888
Medline

62 R.F. Gochman,R.B. Karasic,M.B. Heller
Use of portable ultrasound to assist urine collection by suprapubic aspiration
Ann Emerg Med., 20 (1991), pp. 631-635
Medline

63 K. Leeson,B. Leeson
Pediatric ultrasound: Applications in the emergency department
Emerg Med Clin North Am., 31 (2013), pp. 809-829 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.emc.2013.05.005
Medline

64 K. Yen,M.H. Gorelick
Ultrasound applications for the pediatricemergency department: A review of the current literature
Pediatr Emerg Care., 18 (2002), pp. 226-234
Medline

65 B. Newman
Ultrasound body applications in children
Pediatr Radiol., 41 (2011), pp. 555-561 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-011-2107-2
Artículo | Medline

66 J.A. Levy,V.E. Noble
Bedside ultrasound in pediatric emergency medicine
Pediatrics., 121 (2008), pp. e1404-e1412 http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-1816
Medline

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