Grave´s disease in a male adolescente, case report and literature review
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Abstract
Background: Hyperthyroidism is uncommon in the pediatric population, representing only 1-5 % of all hyperthyroidism diagnoses in the general population. However, 84-99 % of these cases are attributed to Graves' disease, with a peak incidence in adolescence and a higher prevalence in females (3:1 - 5:1). Despite its low incidence, Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in childhood, characterized by autoimmune stimulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors (TRAb), clinically presenting with goiter, hyperthyroidism, and infiltrative ophthalmopathy. Diagnosis is established by suppressing thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, associated with the presence of antibodies against the TSH receptor (TRAb). Case Report:
In this document, we present the case of a male adolescent diagnosed and successfully managed with Graves' disease. Additionally, we provide a literature review on this condition with low pediatric incidence. Conclusions: The literature review emphasizes the need for early detection and proper management of this condition to prevent long-term complications. This case highlights the complexity of thyroid disorders in adolescence and the importance of an interdisciplinary approach for its management.
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