Case-control study: Association between gestational infections and the development of congenital abnormalities in newborns from hospitals in the city of Bogotá, during the period 2001-2018
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Gestational infections leading to prenatal conditions are a significant public health problem, especially in developing countries, since infectious agents can affect fetal development, which could be associated with disability and fetal death.
Objectives and Methods: To determine the association between gestational infections and the development of congenital abnormalities. An analytical case-control study was conducted, with analysis of qualitative and quantitative variables using data collected by the Surveillance and Follow-up Program for Congenital Anomalies of Bogotá (PVSACB), with data self-reported by mothers and collected through the ECLAMC record in 23 hospitals in Bogotá D.C. during the period 2001-2018.
Results: A total of 474 699 births were registered in Bogotá, D.C., with 4 220 cases and 5 771 controls (1:1.36 ratio), including newborns whose mothers were or were not exposed to infections during pregnancy. Bacterial infections were found to be associated with congenital abnormalities in the craniofacial (OR: 1.45-IC:0.82-2.57), musculoskeletal (OR:1.21-IC:1.06-1.41), nervous (OR:1.45-IC:1.14-1.84), oral region (OR:1.51-IC:1.14-2.0) and renal system (OR:1.26-IC:0.93-1.71). Those of viral origin are associated with musculoskeletal (OR:3.18-IC:1.78-5.69), nervous (OR:2.42-IC:1.03-5.68), oral region (OR:1.67-IC:0.52-5.41) and renal systems. (3.95-CI:1.67-9.33).
Conclusions: The gestational infections most associated with congenital abnormalities were bacterial and viral. Maternal genitourinary and respiratory infections were the most frequent. It is vital to delve into the association of disorders by etiological agents and the development of congenital disabilities to find strategies for opportune maternal management to reduce one of the country's leading causes of infant morbidity and mortality.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons
License Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
You are free to:
Share - copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
Adapt - remix, transform, and build upon the material The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
• Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
• NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
• ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
• No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
References
Valero-Cedeño NJ LGJGZEL et al. Revisión Sistemática Enfermedades Infecciosas Infecciones por TORCH y Parvovirus B19 humano en mujeres embarazadas: implicaciones terapéuticas y de diagnóstico. Kasmera [Internet]. 2021; Available from: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5577846.
Rodriguez M, Tamayo M, Rivadeneira F. Agentes Teratogénicos Y Teratogenicidad. Derecho a Vivir En Desventaja [Internet]. 2000 [cited 2023 Jan 30]; Available from: https://www.javeriana.edu.co/documents/5782625/5901279/10+-+Teratogeno.pdf/8d22feb3-096b-4ddf-b31c-94a9bba1357c.
Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). 63o Asamblea Mundial de la Salud [Internet]. Ginebra; 2010 May [cited 2023 Jan 30]. Available from:
https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA63-REC1/A63_REC1-sp.pdf.
Carmona RH. The global challenges of birth defects and disabilities. Lancet. 2005 Oct 1;366(9492):1142-4. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67459-4. PMID: 16198750.
Zarante I, Carreño-Martinez AC, Ibañez LM, Gracia G, Blandón E, Perez G, et al. Description and results of birth defects surveillance and follow-up programs in Bogotá and Cali, Colombia, 2002–2019. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2021;(September 2020):1–10.
Poletta FA, Gili JA, Castilla EE. Latin American collaborative study of congenital malformations (ECLAMC): A model for health collaborative studies. Public Health Genomics. 2014;17(2):61–7.
ECLAMC. Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas. [Internet]. 2022. Available from: http://www.eclamc.org/.
Wang Y, Li S, Ma N, Zhang Q, Wang H, Cui J, et al. The association of ToRCH infection and congenital malformations: A prospective study in China. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology [Internet]. 2019 Sep;240:336–40. Available from:
https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0301211519302064
Imbachí LF, Ibáñez LM, Hurtado-Villa P. Health status and barriers in health care for children with birth defects born between 2011 and 2017 in two institutions in Cali. Biomedica. 2020;40(1):34–42.
European surveillance of congenital anomalies. EUROCAT Guide 1.5 Subgroups of Congenital Anomalies [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Jan 29]. Available from: https://eu-rd-platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/system/files/public/eurocat/Guide_1.5_Chapter_3.3_June_2022.pdf.
Pradenas M. Infecciones cérvico vaginales y embarazo. Revista médica Clínica Las Condes. 2014;25(6):925–35.
Felipe-González N, Santisteban-Gómez AL, Ortiz-Sánchez Y, Pérez-Marin D, González-Rodríguez M. Factores de riesgo asociados a infección vaginal en mujeres embarazadas Risk factors associated to vaginal infections in pregnant women. Multimed. 2019;23(3):430–46.
Zarante I. Implementación, desarrollo y evaluación de un programa de vigilancia en salud pública y seguimiento de pacientes con malformaciones congénitas en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C., Colombia basado en la metodología del estudio colaborativo latinoamericano de malformaciones congénitas (ECLAMC) [Internet]. 2011 [cited 2023 Jan 30]. Available from:
https://repository.javeriana.edu.co/handle/10554/1529.
Zarate AM, García G, Zarante I. Evaluación de factores de riesgo asociados con malformaciones congénitas en el programa de vigilancia epidemiológica de malformaciones congénitas (ECLAMC) en Bogotá entre 2001 y 2010. Universitas Médica. 2016;53(1):11–25.
Zarante I, Franco L, López C, Fernández N. Frecuencia de malformaciones congénitas: evaluación y pronóstico de 52.744 nacimientos en tres ciudades colombianas. Biomédica. 2010;
Barnusell JB, Voltà CF, Puiggròs MD, Bilbao VA. Infecciones congénitas. PEDIATRÍA INTEGRAL. 2014;XVIII(6):356–66.
Cofré F, Delpiano L, Labraña Y, Reyes A, Sandoval A, Izquierdo G. Síndrome de TORCH: Enfoque racional del diagnóstico y tratamiento pre y post natal.: Recomendaciones del Comité Consultivo de Infecciones Neonatales Sociedad Chilena de Infectología, 2016. Rev Chil Obstet Ginecol. 2017;82(2):83–123.
Valdés Silva Y, Sánchez Ramírez E, Fuentes Arencibia S. Malformaciones congénitas relacionadas con los agentes teratógenos. Correo Científico Médico. 2018;22(4):652–66.
Frutos IA, Pérez ILL, Deysi II, Lescaille V, Lisis I, Illas O, et al. Manifestaciones clínicas asociadas al síndrome de TORCH Clinical manifestations associated to the TORCH syndrome. 2018;31(1):132–44.
Nazer H J, Cifuentes O L, Águila R A, Ureta L P, Bello P MP, Correa C F, et al. The association between maternal age and congenital malformations. Rev Med Chil. 2007;135(11):1463–9.
Vieira AR, Taucher SC. Edad materna y defectos del tubo neural: Evidencia para un efecto mayor en espina bífida que anencefalia. Rev Med Chil. 2005;133(1):62–70.
Reefhuis J, Honein MA. Maternal age and non-chromosomal birth defects, Atlanta - 1968-2000: Teenager or thirty-something, who is at risk? Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2004;70(9):572–9.
Kazaura MR, Lie RT, Irgens LM, Didriksen A, Kapstad M, Egenæs J, et al. Increasing Risk of Gastroschisis in Norway: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159(4):358–63.
Santos M, Vázquez V, Torres González C, Torres Vázquez G, Aguiar Santos D, Hernández Monzón H. Factores de riesgo relevantes asociados a las malformaciones congénitas en la provincia de Cienfuegos, 2008-2013.
Narrativa R, Sofía V, Barroso B, Luccianna Borda L, María J, Castillo A, et al. Malformaciones Congénitas Craneofaciales en Colombia [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Apr 14]. Available from: https://repositorio.unbosque.edu.co/bitstream/handle/20.500.12495/5940/Beleño_Barroso_Vanessa_Sofia_2021.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
Cifuentes-Cifuentes Y, Arteaga-Díaz C, Infante-Contreras C, Clavijo-López EG, Quintero-Guzmán C. Prevalencia y Caracterización de los Recién Nacidos con Anomalías Craneofaciales en el Instituto Materno Infantil de Bogotá. Vol. 10, Rev. salud pública. 2008.
Sorolla J. Anomalías Craneofaciales. Rev Med Clin Condes. 2010;21(1):5–15.
Wang Y, Li S, Ma N, Zhang Q, Wang H, Cui J, et al. The association of ToRCH infection and congenital malformations: A prospective study in China. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2019 Sep;240:336–40.
Sunitha T, Rebekah Prasoona K, Muni Kumari T, Srinadh B, Laxmi Naga Deepika M, Aruna R, et al. Risk factors for congenital anomalies in high-risk pregnant women: A large study from South India. Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics. 2017;18(1):79–85.
Golalipour MJ, Khodabakhshi B, Ghaemi E. Possible role of TORCH agents in congenital malformations in Gorgan, northern Islamic Republic of Iran. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2009;15(2):330–6.
Abdul Hamid MP, Ali H, Abbas F. Congenital Anomalies in the Offspring of Mothers with Torch Infections during Pregnancy. Ophtalmology with ophtalmics and general sections. 2015;13(Cmv):325–8.
Jenkins KJ, Correa A, Feinstein JA, Botto L, Britt AE, Daniels SR, et al. Noninherited risk factors and congenital cardiovascular defects: Current knowledge - A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. Circulation. 2007;115(23):2995–3014.
Lai T, Xiang L, Liu Z, Mu Y, Li X, Li N, et al. Association of maternal disease and medication use with the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring: A case-control study using logistic regression with a random-effects model. J Perinat Med. 2019;47(4):455–63.
Colombia Instituto Nacional de Salud. Sarampión, Rubeola [Internet]. 2022 Jan. Available from: https://www.ins.gov.co/buscador-eventos/SitePages/Evento.aspx?Event=40.
Yazdy MM, Mitchell AA, Werler MM. Maternal genitourinary infections and the risk of gastroschisis. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;180(5):518–25.
Feldkamp ML, Reefhuis J, Kucik J, Krikov S, Wilson A, Moore CA, et al. Case-control study of self-reported genitourinary infections and risk of gastroschisis: Findings from the national birth defects prevention study, 1997-2003. Bmj. 2008;336(7658):1420–3.