Oxygen as a factor associated with retinopathy of prematurity in a neonatal unit in Bogotá, Colombia
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Abstract
Premature infants, due to their pulmonary immaturity, may present respiratory disorders, requiring ventilatory support and oxygen. Oxygen induces damage to visual structures such as the lens and retina, generating retinopathy of prematurity. Objective: To establish the relationship between oxygen therapy and retinopathy of prematurity in a neonatal unit in Bogotá 2018-2019. Materials and methods: Observational, analytical, retrospective study, which determined the relationship between oxygen therapy and retinopathy, clinical records of premature infants under 32 weeks of gestation were reviewed, groups with and without retinopathy were compared. Results: 76 cases were reviewed, 39.5% had retinopathy, 56.6% were female, 64.5% were classified as very premature and 59.2% had very low birth weight. 63.2% presented moderate respiratory distress. The most used oxygen therapy system in adaptation in the retinopathy group was the self-inflating bag 57.9% and in hospitalization the nasal cannula 71.4%. The number of days of oxygen in hospitalization was greater in patients with retinopathy. The weight was between 1006.83 ± 228.73 (mean ± SD) for the group with retinopathy. Conclusions: The health personnel in charge of the respiratory care of the premature should safely administer oxygen, know the administration systems, the exposure time, and the inspired fraction of oxygen since they are factors that increase the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity.
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