Clinical outcomes cause by respiratory syncytial virus infection during the first two years of life in patients of a kangaroo program who received complete prophylaxis with palivizumab. Retrospective cohort study
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Abstract
Objective: To estimate the incidence of hospitalizations due to acute lower respiratory tract infection caused by a respiratory syncytial virus during the first two years of life in patients who attended the kangaroo program at Hospital Universitario Clínica San Rafael and who received complete prophylaxis with palivizumab. Methods: An observational retrospective cohort study was conducted. Patients who received total doses of palivizumab during the study period between January 2014 and December 2019 were included. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were evaluated, and descriptive and multivariate statistical techniques were applied to analyze the information. Results: 510 patients were reviewed, and 257 subjects were selected; 128 for the cohort greater than 32 weeks of gestation and 129 for the cohort equal to or less than 32 weeks. Hospitalization due to respiratory syncytial virus occurred in 8.9% of cases. The risk of hospitalization was higher in patients with a gestational age of fewer than 32 weeks, RR: 1.65, 95% CI [1.28 – 2.12], as was hospitalization in the intensive care unit RR: 1.65, 95% CI [1.24 – 2.19] and secondary complications RR: 1.61, 95% CI [1.22 – 2.13]. There were no mortality events. Conclusion: RSV hospitalization is higher at gestational ages less than 32 weeks, and there is no difference according to the clinical variables explored in the study.
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