Pediatric ovarian cancer. Cases series.
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Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer in pediatric ages occurs in germ and stromal histological types; although the epithelial type is not the most common, there are also cases. Case series: the present study describes six cases of women between 10 and 15 years of age, the vast majority of which are germ cell tumors with initial stages between IC and IIIC; a time between the first consultation and cancer diagnosis, between one day and three years, with elevated levels of LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and alpha-fetoprotein, as tumor markers; one case with pulmonary metastasis, as well as treatment with management surgery and chemotherapy. Risk factors include obesity, nulliparity, history of endometriosis, and mutations in BRCA-1, BRCA-2, MSH-2, MLH-1, and MSH-6 genes, which are involved in the onset of this disease. Conclusions: Patients diagnosed early had a better response to treatment and a more prolonged survival time. Surgical treatment allows the preservation of a functional uterus, vagina, and ovaries in most cases; however, in the event of relapses or advanced disease, adjuvant therapies such as the application of chemotherapy and radiotherapy should be considered.
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