Characterization of thyroglossal cyst in pediatric patients
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Abstract
Introduction: The thyroglossal duct cyst is a frequent congenital anomaly in the neck's midline. It generally manifests during the first decade of life, but it can appear at any age. It classically presents as an anterior midline mass that moves with swallowing and protrusion of the tongue; sometimes, it shows in an atypical way, making the diagnosis difficult. It has a recurrence rate of 4-50% even after Sistrunk´s elective surgery. Objective: To characterize the clinical presentation and treatment of pediatric patients diagnosed with a thyroglossal cyst in a pediatric institution. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study during the period 2010-2020 Results: 59 patients with thyroglossal cyst were identified, of which the average age was 5.8 years, 50.9% were male, the most frequent location found was in the medial neck region 86.4%, patients mainly presented a painless mass sensation in this region in 74.5%, discharge 18.6%, sensitivity and redness 5.1%, dysphagia 1.7%. The most frequent clinical expression of the neck mass was a thyroglossal cyst in 74.8% of the cases and the onset with a fistula in 11.6%. Conclusion: The neck ultrasound showed the thyroglossal cyst in 100% of the cases and was able to locate the presence of the thyroid gland in its usual place in 88%. 20.3% of the patients underwent thyroid tests and 12% scintigraphy. Recurrence was detected in 9 patients.
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