Atrial Septal Defect.
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Abstract
Background:Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a common entity in pediatrics, representing 10-15 % of congenital heart diseases. In terms of pathophysiology and symptoms it is very variable, becouse there are four types of clinical presentation: ostium secundum ASD (70 %), ostium primum ASD (20 %), sinus venosus ASD (10 %) and coronary sinus ASD (<1 %). Case report: This review article discusses the case of a 1day-old male patient, who consulted the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with respiratory distress. An initial diagnostic approach was performed using a transthoracic echocardiogram that identified an atrial septal defect, confirming the diagnosis. Conservative pharmacological management was prescribed achieving a satisfactory evolution. Conclusions: ASD is a common entity in pediatrics, for that reason it is very important to obtain an early and accurate diagnosis, becouse it involves being treated early to avoid possible complications that could have an hemodynamic impact. The transthoracic ecocardiogram is the main study for the diagnosis of ASD. Comprehensive treatment will depend on theseverity of the ASD and the patient age, ranging from expectant follow-up to corrective closure surgeries.
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