Internet and Suicide Behavior in Adolescents What is the Connection?
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Published:
Dec 7, 2018
Keywords:
Suicide; Self-harm; Adolescen; Risk Factor; Social Networks; Internet.
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Abstract
Suicide is the second leading cause of death in the world's population between 10 and 24 years of age, representing 100 000 adolescents killed per year ifor this cause. Suicide is complex behavior it is built over time and depends on multiple biological, familial, and social factors, among others. Risk factors can be classified into distal or predisposing and proximal or precipitating factors. The Internet has rapidly and substantially transformed the way teenagers communicate and manage information related to suicide. The objective was to answer the following question: how does the internet relate to suicidal behavior in adolescents? A narrative review of the relevant scientific literature was made in relation to the topic of interest. A total of 46 references were reviewed. In young people with suicidal behavior, common traits have been shown, which make them vulnerable to the development of such behavior, such as coming from dysfunctional homes, family history of psychiatric illness or suicidal behavior, personal history of psychiatric illness, substance abuse as alcohol or drugs and a history of suicidal attempts or self-injurious behavior. The Web allows new forms of intimidation and violence, which in young and vulnerable people contribute to the appearance of depressive, suicidal and inducing substances. Adolescents may be exposed to such risk through websites, forums, chats and games, as well as being at risk of becoming victims of cyberbullying. Despite the existence of potentially harmful sites on the Internet, the media can also play an important role in informing readers and viewers about the probable causes of suicide, warning signals and therapeutic options. Suicidal behaviors in adolescents constitute a situation of extreme gravity that requires the adoption of preventive measures.
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Molina, M. J., & Restrepo, D. (2018). Internet and Suicide Behavior in Adolescents: What is the Connection?. Pediatría, 51(2), 30–39. https://doi.org/10.14295/pediatr.v51i2.109
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4. Weltgesundheitsorganisation, editor. World report on violence and health: summary. Geneva; 2002. 44 p.
5. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Prevención del suicidio (SUPRE) [Internet]. [citado 2017 my. 15]. Disponible en:
www.sho.int.mental_heath/prevention/sucide/suicideprevent/es/
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http://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-015-0570-2
7. Naito A. Internet Suicide in Japan: Implications for Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007 oct. 1;12(4):583-97.
8. Patton GC, Coffey C, Sawyer SM, Viner RM, Haller DM, Bose K, et al. Global patterns of mortality in young people: a systematic analysis of population health data. The Lancet. 2009;374(9693):881-892.
9. Kennebeck S, Bonin L. Suicidal behavior in children and adolescents: Epidemiology and risk factor. 2017;24.
10. Sánchez-Teruel D, Robles-Bello MA. Factores protectores que promueven la resiliencia ante el suicidio en adolescentes y jóvenes. Papeles Psicólogo. 2014;35(2):181-192.
11. Zubin J, Spring B. Vulnerability: A new view of schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychol. 1977;86(2):103-26.
12. Chang EC, Sanna LJ, Hirsch JK, Jeglic EL. Loneliness and negative life events as predictors of hopelessness and suicidal behaviors in hispanics: evidence for a diathesis-stress model. J Clin Psychol. 2010 dic.;66(12):1242-53.
13. Hawton K, Saunders KE, O’Connor RC. Self-harm and suicide in adolescents. The Lancet. 2012;379(9834):2373-2382.
14. Wasserman D, editor. Suicide: an unnecessary death. Second edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2016. 411 p.
15. Tseng F-Y, Yang H-J. Internet Use and Web Communication Networks, Sources of Social Support, and Forms of Suicidal and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescents: Different Patterns Between Genders. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2015 abr.;45(2):178-91.
16. Soler Osuna DM, others. Jóvenes escolares y sus redes sociales: de la territorialidad a la virtualidad. [Internet]. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; 2013 [citado 2017 my. 8]. Disponible en: http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/11134/
17. Stieger S, Burger C, Bohn M, Voracek M. Who Commits Virtual Identity Suicide? Differences in Privacy Concerns, Internet Addiction, and Personality Between Facebook Users and Quitters. Cyberpsychology Behav Soc Netw. 2013 sept.;16(9):629-34.
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19. Valkenburg PM, Peter J. Online Communication Among Adolescents: An Integrated Model of Its Attraction, Opportunities, and Risks. J Adolesc Health. 2011 febr.;48(2):121-7.
20. Mok K, Jorm AF, Pirkis J. Suicide-related Internet use: A review. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2015;49(8):697-705.
21. Daine K, Hawton K, Singaravelu V, Stewart A, Simkin S, Montgomery P. The Power of the Web: A Systematic Review of Studies of the Influence of the Internet on Self-Harm and Suicide in Young People. García AV, editor. PLoS ONE. 2013 oct. 30;8(10):e77555.
22. Ghazizadeh Hashemi AH, Ajilian Abbasi M, Hoseini BL, Khodaei GH, Saeidi M. Youth Suicide in the World and Views of Holy Quran about Suicide. Int J Pediatr. 2014;2(4.2):101-108.
23. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses. Comportamiento del suicidio. Colombia, 2015 [Internet]. Colombia; 2015. Disponible en: file:///Users/Maria/Library/Application%20Support/Firefox/Profiles/lfd95cxd.default/zotero/storage/ZASU8U7B/Suicidio%20Medicina%20Legal%20Colombia.pdf
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25. Medina Pérez OA, Díaz Téllez Ángel Saúl, Rozo David AJ. Caracterización del suicidio en adolescentes de Antioquia, Colombia, 2000-2010. Rev Fac Med. 2015 ag.;25;63(3):431-8.
26. Torres de Galvis Y, Posada Villa J. Primer estudio poblacional de salud mental Medellín, 2011-2012 = The who world mental health survey consortium. Medellín: Universidad CES; Secretaría de Salud de Medellín; 2012.
27. Álvaro Arenas CG-R Martín Rondón. Factores asociados a la conducta suicida en Colombia. Resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental 2015. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría. 2016;45(S1):68-75.
28. Bridge JA, Goldstein TR, Brent DA. Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2006 mzo. 1;47(3-4):372-94.
29. Suicide [Internet]. World Health Organization; 2017. Disponible en:
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs398/en/
30. Wang J, Iannotti R, Nansel T. School bullying among adolescents in the United States: Physical, verbal, relational, and cyber. J Adolesc Health. 2009;45:368-75.
31. Schneider S, O´Donnell L, Stueve A, Coulter W. Cyberbullying school bullying, and psychosocial distress: a regional census of high school students. Am J Public Health. 2012;102:171-7.
32. Kim JY. The Nonlinear Association Between Internet Using Time for Non-Educational Purposes and Adolescent Health. J Prev Med Pub Health. 2012 Jan 31;45(1):37-46.
33. Generación Z, los últimos hijos de la alegría - ABC.es [Internet]. [citado 2017 my. 15]. Disponible en: http://www.abc.es/20120528/sociedad/abci-generacionz-adolescentes-jovenes-201205221631.html
34. Strittmatter E, Parzer P, Brunner R, Fischer G, Durkee T, Carli V, et al. A 2-year longitudinal study of prospective predictors of pathological Internet use in adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016 jul.;25(7):725-34.
35. Morduchowicz R, Marcon A, Sylvestre V, Ballestrini F. Los adolescentes y las redes sociales [Internet]. 2010. Disponible en:
http://www.me.gov.ar/escuelaymedios/material/redes.pdf
36. Miniwatts Marketing Group. Internet usage statistics. The Internet Big Picture. World Internet Users and 2017 Population Stats. 2017. Disponible en: http://internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
37. Mintic. Oficina internacional. Cifras [Internet]. 2017 [citado 2017 my. 10]. Available from: http://www.mintic.gov.co/portal/604/w3-article-4425.html
38. Alao AO, Soderberg M, Pohl EL, Alao AL. Cybersuicide: review of the role of the internet on suicide. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2006;9(4):489-493.
39. Dunlop SM, More E, Romer D. Where do youth learn about suicides on the Internet, and what influence does this have on suicidal ideation?: Influence of the Internet on suicidal ideation. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2011 oct.;52(10):1073-80.
40. Robert A, Suelves JM, Armayones M, Ashley S. Internet Use and Suicidal Behaviors: Internet as a Threat or Opportunity? Telemed E-Health. 2015 abr.;21(4):306-11.
41. Sampasa-Kanyinga H, Hamilton HA. Social networking sites and mental health problems in adolescents: The mediating role of cyberbullying victimization. Eur Psychiatry. 2015 nov.;30(8):1021-7.
42. Kuss DJ, Kanjo E, Crook-Rumsery M, Kobowski F, Wnag GY, Sumich A. Problematic mobile pone use and addiction across generations: the roles of psychopathological symptoms and Smartphone use. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science. 2018;3(3): 141-149.
43. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Fifth edition. DSM-5. American Psychiatric Association. Washington, 2013.
44. González-Bueso V, Santamaría JJ, Fernández D, Merino L, Montero E, Jiménez-Murcia S, et al. Internet Gaming Disorder in Adolescents: personality, psychopathology and evaluation of a psychological intervention combined with parent psychoeducation. Front Psychol. 2018;9:787.
45. Cash SJ, Thelwall M, Peck SN, Ferrell JZ, Bridge JA. Adolescent Suicide Statements on MySpace. Cyberpsychology Behav Soc Netw. 2013 mzo.;16(3):166–174
46. Ha JH, Kim SY, Bae SC, Bae S, Kim H, Sim M, et al. Depression and Internet Addiction in Adolescents. Psychopathology. 2007;40(6):424-30.
47. Morrison CM, Gore H. The Relationship between Excessive Internet Use and Depression: A Questionnaire-Based Study of 1,319 Young People and Adults. Psychopathology. 2010;43(2):121-6.
48. Yen J-Y, Ko C-H, Yen C-F, Wu H-Y, Yang M-J. The Comorbid Psychiatric Symptoms of Internet Addiction: Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Depression, Social Phobia, and Hostility. J Adolesc Health. 2007 jul.;41(1):93.8.
49. Brachnio A, Przepiórka A, Pantic I. Internet use, Facebook intrusion, and depression: Results of a cross-sectional study. Eur Psychiatry. 2015 sep.;30(6):681–691
50. Sampasa-Kanyinga H, Roumeliotis P, Xu H. Associations between Cyberbullying and School Bullying Victimization and Suicidal Ideation, Plans and Attempts among Canadian Schoolchildren. Scott JG, editor. PLoS ONE. 2014 jul. 30;9(7):e102145.
51. Bottino SMB, Bottino CMC, Regina CG, Correia AVL, Ribeiro WS, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil, et al. Cyberbullying and adolescent mental health: systematic review. Cad Saúde Pública. 2015 mzo.;31(3):463-75.
52. Hinduja S, Patchin JW. Bullying, Cyberbullying, and Suicide. Arch Suicide Res. 2010 jul. 28;14(3):206-21.
53. Westerlund M, Hadlaczky G, Wasserman D. The Representation of Suicide on the Internet: Implications for Clinicians. J Med Internet Res. 2012 sep. 26;14(5):e122.
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