Guía de práctica clínica para la detección temprana, el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y el seguimiento de los defectos refractivos en menores de 18 años
Barra lateral del artículo
Publicado:
jun. 24, 2017
Palabras clave:
Guía de Práctica Clínica, defectos refractivos, miopía, astigmatismo, hipermetropía, tamizaje, prevención de la ambliopía
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
Objetivo: generar recomendaciones para la prevención, detección temprana, diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de defectos refractivos en menores de 18 años, con el fin de apoyar al personal de salud responsable de la atención a estos pacientes en los diferentes servicios.
Materiales y métodos: Un grupo interdisciplinario de profesionales y representantes de pacientes definieron el alcance, objetivos, preguntas y desenlaces de la guía. Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura de revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis, ensayos clínicos, estudios de cohorte, estudios de casos y controles en las bases de datos MEDLINE, EMBASE y CENTRAL publicados hasta el 2014. Se evaluó la calidad metodológica de los artículos seleccionados. Posteriormente se elaboraron las tablas de evidencia por medio del software GRADEpro® 3.6 y se generaron las recomendaciones bajo la metodología GRADE.
Resultados:
Se formularon recomendaciones para la detección temprana, diagnóstico,
tratamiento y seguimiento de los defectos refractivos en menores de 18 años. Adicionalmente
se presentan varias preguntas generales de contexto que no generan recomendaciones.
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Detalles del artículo
Cómo citar
Sanchez Vanegas, G., Buitrago García, D. C., Moreno, C., Segura, M. M., Fernández Jaramillo, J., Solano Franco, A. A., … Angulo, S. (2017). Guía de práctica clínica para la detección temprana, el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y el seguimiento de los defectos refractivos en menores de 18 años. Pediatría, 50(1). https://doi.org/10.14295/pediatr.v50i1.77
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Artículos de investigación original
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Citas
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7. Declaration of Helsinki and placebo-controlled clinical trials : current topics2001.
8. Jones L, Sinnott L, Mutti D, Mitchell G, Moeschberger M, Zadnik K. Parental history of myopia, sports and outdoor activities, and future myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48(8):3524-32.
9. Tarczy-Hornoch K, Ying-Lai M, Varma R. Myopic refractive error in adult Latinos: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47(5):1845-52.
10. You Q, Wu L, Duan J, Luo Y, Liu L, Li X, et al. Factors associated with myopia in school children in China: the Beijing childhood eye study. . PLoS One 2012;7(12):e52668.
11. Huang J, Maguire M, Ciner E, Kulp M, Cyert L, Quinn G, et al. Risk factors for astigmatism in the Vision in Preschoolers Study. Optom Vis Sci. 2014;91(5):514-21.
12. Borchert M, Varma R, Cotter S, Tarczy-Hornoch K, McKean-Cowdin R, Lin J, et al. Risk factors for hyperopia and myopia in preschool children the multi-ethnic pediatric eye disease and Baltimore pediatric eye disease studies. . Ophthalmology 2011;118(10):1966-73.
13. Dotan G, Keren S, Stolovitch C, Toledano-Alhadef H, Kesler A. Increased Prevalence of Ametropia in Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Disease. J Child Neurol. 2014.
14. Parra J, García R, Farran M, Cutillas M, March E, Herrero E, et al. Optometría. Manual de exámenes clínicos: Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politecnica. 2004.
15. Chou R, Dana T, Bougatsos C. Screening for visual impairment in children ages 1-5 years: systematic review to update the 2004 U.S. preventive services task force recommendation (Structured abstract). Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects [Internet]. 2011; (3):[i p.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/cldare/articles/DARE-12011003262/frame.html.
16. Scheiman MM, Hertle RW, Beck RW, Edwards AR, Birch E, Cotter SA, et al. Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123(4):437-47.
17. AAP, AACO, AAPOS, AAO. Eye examination in infants, children, and young adults by pediatricians. Pediatrics. 2003;111(4 Pt 1):902-7.
18. Williams C, Northstone K, Harrad RA, Sparrow JM, Harvey I. Amblyopia treatment outcomes after screening before or at age 3 years: follow up from randomised trial. BMJ. 2002;324:1-5.
19. Gupta A LR, Mazta SR, Sharma D. revalence of refractive errors, color vision defects and other ocular disorders in school-going children: Primary screening by school teachers. Journal International Medical Sciences Academy. 2012;25(4):223-4.
20. Lan W, Zhao F, Li Z, Zeng J, Liu W, Lu J, et al. Validation and cost-effectiveness of a home-based screening system for amblyopia. Ophthalmology. 2012;119(6):1265-71.
21. Silbert D, Matta N, Tian J, Singman E, Author A, Vision Science D, et al. Comparing the SureSight autorefractor and the plusoptiX photoscreener for pediatric vision screening. Strabismus. 2014;22(2):64-7.
22. Silbert DI, Matta NS, Ely AL, Author A, Vision S, Department FEGHPLPA, et al. Comparison of SureSight autorefractor and plusoptiX A09 photoscreener for vision screening in rural Honduras. Journal of AAPOS. 2014;18(1):42-4.
23. Silbert DI, Arnold RW, Matta NS. Comparison of the iScreen and the MTI photoscreeners for the detection of amblyopia risk factors in children. Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus / American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. 2013;17(1):34-7.
24. Kerr NC, Somes G, Enzenauer RW, Author A, Hamilton Eye I, Preventive Medicine D, et al. The effect of developmentally-at-risk status on the reliability of the iScreen(registered trademark) photorefractive device in young children. The American orthoptic journal. 2011;61:117-23.
25. Arnold RW, Armitage MD. Performance of four new photoscreeners on pediatric patients with high risk amblyopia. Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus. 2014;51(1):46-52.
26. Ugurbas SC, Alpay A, Tutar H, Sagdik HM, Ugurbas SH. Validation of plusoptiX S04 photoscreener as a vision screening tool in children with intellectual disability. Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus / American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. 2011;15(5):476-9.
27. McCurry TC, Lawrence LM, Wilson ME, Mayo L. The plusoptiX S08 photoscreener as a vision screening tool for children with autism. Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus / American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. 2013;17(4):374-7.
28. van Rijn LJ, Krijnen JS, Nefkens-Molster AE, Wensing K, Gutker E, Knol DL, et al. Spectacles may improve reading speed in children with hyperopia. Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry. 2014;91(4):397-403.
29. AAO Pediatric Ophthalmology/Strabismus Panel. PPP. Pediatric eye evaluations. San Francisco CA. AAO. 2012.
30. Marroquín G, Solano A, Moncada L, Rojas M, Soler E, Serrano J, et al. Oftalmología Pediátrica: Guías de Manejo. Asociación Colombiana de Oftalmología Pediátrica y Estrabismo ACOPE. 2006:41.
31. Walline JJ, Lindsley K, Vedula SS, Cotter SA, Mutti DO, Twelker JD. Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2011(12):CD004916.
32. Wei M, Liu J, Li N, Liu M. Acupuncture for slowing the progression of myopia in children and adolescents. The Cochrane Collaboration Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd. 2011(9).
33. Chia A, Chua H, Wen L, Fong A, Goon Y, Tan D. Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia: Changes after stopping atropine 0.01%, 0.1% and 0.5%. American journal of ophthalmology. 2014;157(2):451-7.e1.
34. Breslin KM, O'Donoghue L, Saunders KJ. A prospective study of spherical refractive error and ocular components among Northern Irish schoolchildren (the NICER study). Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. 2013;54(7):4843-50.
35. Donovan L, Sankaridurg P, Ho A, Naduvilath T, Smith EL, Holden BA. Myopia progression rates in urban children wearing single-vision spectacles. Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry. 2012;89(1):27-32.
36. Gwiazda J, Deng L, Dias L, Marsh-Tootle W. Association of education and occupation with myopia in COMET parents. Optom Vis Sci. 2011;88(9):1045-53.
37. Zhao J, Mao J, Luo R, Li F, Munoz SR, Ellwein LB. The progression of refractive error in school-age children: Shunyi district, China. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;134(5):735-43.
38. Guggenheim JA, Pong-Wong R, Haley CS, Gazzard G, Saw SM. Correlations in refractive errors between siblings in the Singapore Cohort Study of Risk factors for Myopia. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007;91(6):781-4.
39. Cheung S, Lam C, Cho P. Parents' knowledge and perspective of optical methods for myopia control in children. Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry. 2014;91(6):634-41.
40. Read SA, Collins MJ, Vincent SJ. Light exposure and physical activity in myopic and emmetropic children. Optom Vis Sci. 2014;91(3):330-41.
41. Gwiazda J, Deng L, Manny R, Norton TT, Group CS. Seasonal variations in the progression of myopia in children enrolled in the correction of myopia evaluation trial. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. 2014;55(2):752-8.
42. Guggenheim JA, Northstone K, McMahon G, Ness AR, Deere K, Mattocks C, et al. Time outdoors and physical activity as predictors of incident myopia in childhood: a prospective cohort study. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. 2012;53(6):2856-65.
43. Franklin W, Lusby M. Refraction assesment EE.UU: Lusby Vision Institute, La Jolla, California.; 2013 [Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/ency/article/003844.htm.
44. Christie JM, Swartz TE, Bogomolni RA, Briggs WR. Phototropin LOV domains exhibit distinct roles in regulating photoreceptor function. Plant J. 2002;32(2):205-19.
2. Saw SM, Shankar A, Tan SB, Taylor H, Tan DT, Stone RA, et al. A cohort study of incident myopia in Singaporean children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47(5):1839-44.
3. Profamilia. Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud - ENDS Colombia 2010 Bogotá: 2012; [Available from: http://www.profamilia.org.co/encuestas/Profamilia/Profamilia/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=62&Itemid=9.
4. Carrasquilla G, Pulido A, De la Hoz A, Mieth k, Muñoz O, Guerrero R, et al. Guía Metodológica para la elaboración de Guías de Práctica Clínica con Evaluación Económica en el Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud Colombiano-Versión completa final. Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá – Centro de Estudios e Investigación en Salud. 2014:1-312.
5. AGREE, Next, Steps, Consortium. The AGREE II Instrument [Electronic version]. Consultado en marzo de 2014, de http://www.agreetrust.org. 2009.
6. [Rare diseases and the health care system, 1. citizens' forum] [In Process Citation]. Soins Psychiatr. 1999(202):suppl vi.
7. Declaration of Helsinki and placebo-controlled clinical trials : current topics2001.
8. Jones L, Sinnott L, Mutti D, Mitchell G, Moeschberger M, Zadnik K. Parental history of myopia, sports and outdoor activities, and future myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48(8):3524-32.
9. Tarczy-Hornoch K, Ying-Lai M, Varma R. Myopic refractive error in adult Latinos: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47(5):1845-52.
10. You Q, Wu L, Duan J, Luo Y, Liu L, Li X, et al. Factors associated with myopia in school children in China: the Beijing childhood eye study. . PLoS One 2012;7(12):e52668.
11. Huang J, Maguire M, Ciner E, Kulp M, Cyert L, Quinn G, et al. Risk factors for astigmatism in the Vision in Preschoolers Study. Optom Vis Sci. 2014;91(5):514-21.
12. Borchert M, Varma R, Cotter S, Tarczy-Hornoch K, McKean-Cowdin R, Lin J, et al. Risk factors for hyperopia and myopia in preschool children the multi-ethnic pediatric eye disease and Baltimore pediatric eye disease studies. . Ophthalmology 2011;118(10):1966-73.
13. Dotan G, Keren S, Stolovitch C, Toledano-Alhadef H, Kesler A. Increased Prevalence of Ametropia in Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Disease. J Child Neurol. 2014.
14. Parra J, García R, Farran M, Cutillas M, March E, Herrero E, et al. Optometría. Manual de exámenes clínicos: Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politecnica. 2004.
15. Chou R, Dana T, Bougatsos C. Screening for visual impairment in children ages 1-5 years: systematic review to update the 2004 U.S. preventive services task force recommendation (Structured abstract). Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects [Internet]. 2011; (3):[i p.]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/o/cochrane/cldare/articles/DARE-12011003262/frame.html.
16. Scheiman MM, Hertle RW, Beck RW, Edwards AR, Birch E, Cotter SA, et al. Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123(4):437-47.
17. AAP, AACO, AAPOS, AAO. Eye examination in infants, children, and young adults by pediatricians. Pediatrics. 2003;111(4 Pt 1):902-7.
18. Williams C, Northstone K, Harrad RA, Sparrow JM, Harvey I. Amblyopia treatment outcomes after screening before or at age 3 years: follow up from randomised trial. BMJ. 2002;324:1-5.
19. Gupta A LR, Mazta SR, Sharma D. revalence of refractive errors, color vision defects and other ocular disorders in school-going children: Primary screening by school teachers. Journal International Medical Sciences Academy. 2012;25(4):223-4.
20. Lan W, Zhao F, Li Z, Zeng J, Liu W, Lu J, et al. Validation and cost-effectiveness of a home-based screening system for amblyopia. Ophthalmology. 2012;119(6):1265-71.
21. Silbert D, Matta N, Tian J, Singman E, Author A, Vision Science D, et al. Comparing the SureSight autorefractor and the plusoptiX photoscreener for pediatric vision screening. Strabismus. 2014;22(2):64-7.
22. Silbert DI, Matta NS, Ely AL, Author A, Vision S, Department FEGHPLPA, et al. Comparison of SureSight autorefractor and plusoptiX A09 photoscreener for vision screening in rural Honduras. Journal of AAPOS. 2014;18(1):42-4.
23. Silbert DI, Arnold RW, Matta NS. Comparison of the iScreen and the MTI photoscreeners for the detection of amblyopia risk factors in children. Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus / American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. 2013;17(1):34-7.
24. Kerr NC, Somes G, Enzenauer RW, Author A, Hamilton Eye I, Preventive Medicine D, et al. The effect of developmentally-at-risk status on the reliability of the iScreen(registered trademark) photorefractive device in young children. The American orthoptic journal. 2011;61:117-23.
25. Arnold RW, Armitage MD. Performance of four new photoscreeners on pediatric patients with high risk amblyopia. Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus. 2014;51(1):46-52.
26. Ugurbas SC, Alpay A, Tutar H, Sagdik HM, Ugurbas SH. Validation of plusoptiX S04 photoscreener as a vision screening tool in children with intellectual disability. Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus / American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. 2011;15(5):476-9.
27. McCurry TC, Lawrence LM, Wilson ME, Mayo L. The plusoptiX S08 photoscreener as a vision screening tool for children with autism. Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus / American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. 2013;17(4):374-7.
28. van Rijn LJ, Krijnen JS, Nefkens-Molster AE, Wensing K, Gutker E, Knol DL, et al. Spectacles may improve reading speed in children with hyperopia. Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry. 2014;91(4):397-403.
29. AAO Pediatric Ophthalmology/Strabismus Panel. PPP. Pediatric eye evaluations. San Francisco CA. AAO. 2012.
30. Marroquín G, Solano A, Moncada L, Rojas M, Soler E, Serrano J, et al. Oftalmología Pediátrica: Guías de Manejo. Asociación Colombiana de Oftalmología Pediátrica y Estrabismo ACOPE. 2006:41.
31. Walline JJ, Lindsley K, Vedula SS, Cotter SA, Mutti DO, Twelker JD. Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2011(12):CD004916.
32. Wei M, Liu J, Li N, Liu M. Acupuncture for slowing the progression of myopia in children and adolescents. The Cochrane Collaboration Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd. 2011(9).
33. Chia A, Chua H, Wen L, Fong A, Goon Y, Tan D. Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia: Changes after stopping atropine 0.01%, 0.1% and 0.5%. American journal of ophthalmology. 2014;157(2):451-7.e1.
34. Breslin KM, O'Donoghue L, Saunders KJ. A prospective study of spherical refractive error and ocular components among Northern Irish schoolchildren (the NICER study). Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. 2013;54(7):4843-50.
35. Donovan L, Sankaridurg P, Ho A, Naduvilath T, Smith EL, Holden BA. Myopia progression rates in urban children wearing single-vision spectacles. Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry. 2012;89(1):27-32.
36. Gwiazda J, Deng L, Dias L, Marsh-Tootle W. Association of education and occupation with myopia in COMET parents. Optom Vis Sci. 2011;88(9):1045-53.
37. Zhao J, Mao J, Luo R, Li F, Munoz SR, Ellwein LB. The progression of refractive error in school-age children: Shunyi district, China. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;134(5):735-43.
38. Guggenheim JA, Pong-Wong R, Haley CS, Gazzard G, Saw SM. Correlations in refractive errors between siblings in the Singapore Cohort Study of Risk factors for Myopia. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007;91(6):781-4.
39. Cheung S, Lam C, Cho P. Parents' knowledge and perspective of optical methods for myopia control in children. Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry. 2014;91(6):634-41.
40. Read SA, Collins MJ, Vincent SJ. Light exposure and physical activity in myopic and emmetropic children. Optom Vis Sci. 2014;91(3):330-41.
41. Gwiazda J, Deng L, Manny R, Norton TT, Group CS. Seasonal variations in the progression of myopia in children enrolled in the correction of myopia evaluation trial. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. 2014;55(2):752-8.
42. Guggenheim JA, Northstone K, McMahon G, Ness AR, Deere K, Mattocks C, et al. Time outdoors and physical activity as predictors of incident myopia in childhood: a prospective cohort study. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. 2012;53(6):2856-65.
43. Franklin W, Lusby M. Refraction assesment EE.UU: Lusby Vision Institute, La Jolla, California.; 2013 [Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/spanish/ency/article/003844.htm.
44. Christie JM, Swartz TE, Bogomolni RA, Briggs WR. Phototropin LOV domains exhibit distinct roles in regulating photoreceptor function. Plant J. 2002;32(2):205-19.