Feeding difficulties in patients with food allergy in pediatric gastroenterology
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Abstract
Introduction: Food allergy is an abnormal immune response to a food antigen, in which patients may have eating disorders secondary to the immune response. Objectives: To describe feeding difficulties in patients with food allergy in a gastroenterology and nutrition center in Colombia. Methods: Retrospective study. Patients from 0 to 18 years old with a diagnosis of food allergy in the period 2013 to 2015 were included. To compare the variables of interest, the Fischer test was used. Results: A total of 644 patients were included, 109 (16.92 %) with food allergy. 40 cases (36.69 %) had some feeding difficulties and the most frequent manifestation was altered appetite. Feeding difficulties occurred in 62.5 % of patients with food allergy mediated by a mixed mechanism (p <0.009). Eosinophilic esophagitis (37.5 %) was the most frequent clinical expression, and selective appetite was the most common symptom. In patients with food allergy without feeding difficulties, the Immunoglobulin E mediated was proportionally higher (52.17 %). feeding difficulties were found more frequently in males (55 %) and infants (77.5 %), with a mean age of 13.3 months. More than half of the patients with food allergy and feeding difficulties presented normal nutritional status (55 %). Prior hospitalization (52.5 %), nasogastric or orogastric feeding (15 %), and history of prematurity (5 %) were essential antecedents for feeding difficulties. Conclusions: Feeding difficulties seems to occur more frequently in food allergy of mixed mechanism, mainly with eosinophilic esophagitis. In patients with food allergy, feeding difficulties can guide the doctor and nutritionist about the need to start interdisciplinary and preventive management to avoid or minimize feeding difficulties and its impacts.
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